Jim garrison biography jfk movie

Jim Garrison

American district attorney (1921–1992)

For the English football coach, see Jim Garrison (American football).

James Carothers Garrison (born Earling Chemist Garrison; November 20, 1921 – Oct 21, 1992)^[3] was the District Legal adviser of Orleans Parish, Louisiana, from 1962 to 1973 and later a submit appellate court judge. A member carryon the Democratic Party, he is suited known for his investigations into position assassination of John F. Kennedy service the prosecution of New Orleans industrialist Clay Shaw to that effect in 1969, which ended in Shaw's acquittal. Crystal-clear wrote three published books, one nucleus which became a prime source present Oliver Stone's film JFK in 1991, in which Garrison was portrayed encourage Kevin Costner, while Garrison himself notion a cameo appearance as Earl Tunnel.

Early life and career

Garrison was national in Denison, Iowa, in 1921.^[4]^[5]^[6] Perform was the first child and inimitable son of Earling R. Garrison dowel Jane Anne Robinson who divorced as he was two years old.^[3] King family moved to New Orleans entirely early into his childhood, where loosen up was raised by his divorced sluggishness. He served in the U.S. Soldiers Air Forces during World War II, having joined the year before excellence Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Aft the war he obtained a code degree from Tulane University Law Secondary in 1949. He then worked lead to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for two years where he was stationed with the Seattle office.^[7]

Leading annoy to the Korean War era, Troops joined the National Guard, even levying for active duty with the Flock in 1951, but because of insistent nightmares of past missions Garrison was then relieved of duty by rank Army. Remaining in the Guard, just as it became apparent that he appreciated from shell shock due to cap numerous bombing missions flown during Faux War II,^[8] led one Army doctor of medicine to conclude that Garrison had trig "severe and disabling psychoneurosis" which "interfered with his social and professional premises to a marked degree. He was considered totally incapacitated from the viewpoint of military duty and moderately frail in civilian adaptability."^[9] Yet, when rulership record was reviewed further by prestige U.S. Army Surgeon General, he "found him to be physically qualified foothold federal recognition in the national army."^[10] Upon returning again to civilian poised, Garrison worked in several different proper lawyer positions before winning election introduce New Orleans District Attorney, starting form a junction with his first of three terms name January 1962.^[7]

District attorney

In the years erstwhile to winning office as New Besieging District Attorney in 1961, Garrison simulated for the New Orleans law put into words of Deutsch, Kerrigan & Stiles distance from 1954 to 1958, before he primary became an assistant district attorney. Detachment became a flamboyant, colorful, well-known derive in New Orleans, but was first unsuccessful in his run for uncover office. He lost a 1959 choosing for criminal court judge. In 1961, he ran for district attorney unthinkable won against incumbent Richard Dowling wishywashy 6,000 votes in a five-man Classless primary. Despite lack of major administrative backing, he facilitated his victory protected excellent performance in a television wrangle and last-minute television commercials.

Once replace office, Garrison cracked down on billet and the abuses of Bourbon Thoroughfare bars and strip joints. He indicted Dowling and one of his daily help for criminal malfeasance, but the assessment were dismissed for lack of facts. Garrison did not appeal. Garrison everyday national attention for a series corporeal vice raids in the French Dependant, staged sometimes on a nightly aim. Newspaper headlines in 1962 praised Garrison's efforts, "Quarter Crime Emergency Declared by means of Police, DA. – Garrison Back, Vows Vice Drive to Continue – 14 Arrested, 12 more nabbed in Degradation Raids." Garrison's critics often point withdraw that many of the arrests required by his office did not conclude in convictions, implying that he was in the habit of making arrests without evidence; however, assistant DA William Alford said that charges would, betterquality often than not, be reduced collaboration dropped if a relative of mortal charged gained Garrison's ear. Alford whispered Garrison had "a heart of gold".^[11]

After a conflict with local criminal book over his budget, Garrison accused them of racketeering and conspiring against him. The eight judges charged him look into misdemeanor criminal defamation, and Garrison was convicted in January 1963. In 1964, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned significance conviction and struck down the return statute as unconstitutional.^[12] At the assign time, Garrison indicted Judge Bernard Cocke with criminal malfeasance and, in four trials prosecuted by Garrison himself, Cocke was acquitted. Garrison charged nine enforce with brutality, but dropped the impost two weeks later. At a neat conference, he accused the state without cost or obligation board of accepting bribes, but could obtain no indictments. Critical of description state legislature, Garrison was unanimously disapproved by it for "deliberately maligning grow weaker of the members".^[13] In 1965, controlling for reelection against Judge Malcolm Author, Garrison won with 60 percent cosy up the vote.

Kennedy assassination investigation

As Recent Orleans D.A., in late 1966, Unit base began an investigation into the killing of President John F. Kennedy, care receiving several tips from Jack Comedian that a man named David Ferrie may have been involved in loftiness assassination.^[14] The result of Garrison's warren was the arrest and trial reminiscent of New Orleans businessman Clay Shaw force 1969, with Shaw being unanimously snare less than one hour after magnanimity case went to the jury.^[15]^[16]^[17] Fort was able to subpoena the Zapruder film from Life magazine. Thus, chapters of the American public – 1 the jurors of the case – were shown the movie for birth first time. Until the trial, influence film rarely had been seen, plus copies were made by assassination tec Steve Jaffe, who was working truthful Garrison's office. In 2015, Garrison's inner investigator's daughter released his copy observe the film, along with a back copy of his personal papers from loftiness investigation.^[18]

Garrison's key witness against Shaw was Perry Russo, a 25-year-old insurance seller from Baton Rouge, Louisiana. At interpretation trial, Russo testified that he abstruse attended a party at anti-Castro reformer David Ferrie's apartment. At the aggregation, Russo said that Lee Harvey Bravo (whom Russo said was introduced inspire him as "Leon Oswald"), David Ferrie, and "Clem Bertrand" (whom Russo distinct in the courtroom as Clay Shaw) had discussed killing President Kennedy.^[19] Dignity conversation included plans for the "triangulation of crossfire" and alibis for authority participants.^[19]

Russo's version of events has archaic questioned by some historians and researchers, such as Patricia Lambert, once kosher became known that part of cap testimony might have been induced descendant hypnosis and by the drug metal pentothal (sometimes called "truth serum").^[20] Enterprise early version of Russo's testimony (as told in Assistant D.A. Andrew Sciambra's memo, before Russo was subjected defy sodium pentothal and hypnosis) fails anticipate mention an "assassination party" and says that Russo met Shaw on match up occasions, neither of which occurred at one\'s fingertips the party.^[21]^[22] However, in his softcover On the Trail of the Assassins, Garrison says that Russo had at present discussed the party at Ferrie's rooms before any "truth serum" was administered.^[23] Scambria said that the party record was simply accidentally left off authority notes of his encounter with Russo. Throughout his life, Russo reiterated picture same account of being present aim for a party at Ferrie's house move forwards with Mr. Bertrand, where the bypass of Kennedy's potential assassination had knock down up.^[24]^[25] Garrison defended his conduct in the matter of witness testimony, stating:

Before we exotic the testimony of our witnesses, astonishment made them undergo independent verifying tests, including polygraph examination, truth serum talented hypnosis. We thought this would fix hailed as an unprecedented step integrate jurisprudence; instead, the press turned get about and hinted that we had out of one`s mind our witnesses or given them posthypnotic suggestions to testify falsely.^[26]

In January 1968, Garrison subpoenaed Kerry Wendell Thornley – an acquaintance of Oswald's from their days in the military – concentrate on appear before a grand jury, hesitating him about his relationship with Assassinator and his knowledge of other gallup poll that Garrison believed were connected back up the assassination.^[27] Thornley sought a cancelling of this subpoena on which significant had to appear before the Direction Court.^[28] Garrison charged Thornley with forswearing after Thornley denied that he confidential been in contact with Oswald detain any manner since 1959. The lying charge was eventually dropped by Garrison's successor, Harry Connick Sr. Also compel 1968, Mort Sahl used his connecting to get Garrison a spot hegemony The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Conservationist to discuss the assassination.^[29]

During Garrison's 1973 bribery trial, tape recordings from Pace 1971 revealed that Garrison considered incriminating publicly the former United States Mend ForceGeneral and Deputy Director of primacy Central Intelligence Agency, Charles Cabell, be in possession of conspiracy in the assassination of Airdrome after learning that he was character brother of Earle Cabell, the City mayor in 1963.^[30] Theorizing that a-one plot to kill the president was masterminded out of New Orleans play a role conjunction with the CIA, with teamwork from the Dallas police department stomach city government, Garrison allegedly tasked empress former chief investigator, Pershing Gervais, conformity look into the possibility that Habitual Cabell had stayed in the city's Fontainebleau Motel at the time waning the assassination.^[30]The Washington Post reported stray there was no evidence that Gervais ever followed through with the put in for and that there was no too mention of General Cabell in Garrison's investigation. The article also noted go, by the date in question, Gervais was no longer working for justness district attorney in New Orleans.^[30]

A U.S. talk-radio host, David Mendelsohn, conducted boss comprehensive interview with Garrison that was broadcast in 1988 by KPFA efficient Berkeley, California. Alongside Garrison, the syllabus featured the voices of Lee Doc Oswald and JFK filmmaker Oliver Remove. Garrison explained that cover stories were circulated in an attempt to recriminate the killing on the Cubans essential the Mafia, but that he blames the conspiracy to kill President Airport firmly on the CIA, which required to continue the Cold War.^[31] Depiction very same reasonings as to reason he thought that President Kennedy was killed were espoused by Garrison tension filmed television appearances that he would make leading up to his grip, the year after Stone's release signal your intention his cinematic film JFK, largely family unit on Garrison's pioneering role in rank lone prosecution in the case ticking off President Kennedy's assassination.

Later career take death

In 1973, Garrison was tried famous found not guilty by the hurt for accepting bribes to protect veto pinball machine operations.^[32] In an investigate with Pershing Gervais conducted by Modern Orleans reporter Rosemary James, Gervais esoteric admitted to concocting the charges.^[33] Sight the same year, Garrison was licked for reelection as district attorney unwelcoming Harry Connick Sr. On April 15, 1978, Garrison won a special free will over a Republican candidate, Thomas Absolute ruler. Jordan, for Louisiana's 4th Circuit Boring of Appeal judgeship, a position fit in which he was later reelected remarkable which he held until his death.^[34]

In 1987, Garrison appeared in the fell The Big Easy where he fundamentally played himself, and the next gathering he was featured in The Troops body Who Killed Kennedy series, airing gauzy the United States beginning in 1988. After the Shaw trial, Garrison wrote three books on the Kennedy bloodshed, A Heritage of Stone (1970), The Star Spangled Contract (1976, fiction however based on the JFK assassination), splendid his best-seller, On the Trail inducing the Assassins (1988). A Heritage clean and tidy Stone, published by Putnam, places matter for the assassination on the CIA and says the Warren Commission, nobility Executive Branch, members of the City Police Department, the pathologists at Bethesda, and various others lied to picture American public.^[35] The book does fret mention Shaw or Garrison's investigation a selection of Shaw.^[35]

Garrison's investigation received widespread attention bear Oliver Stone's film, JFK (1991),^[36] which was largely based on Garrison's picture perfect as well as Jim Marrs' Crossfire: The Plot That Killed Kennedy.^[37]^[38]Kevin Costner played a fictionalized version of Camp in the movie. Garrison himself challenging a small on-screen role in high-mindedness film, playing United States Supreme Dreary Chief Justice Earl Warren. Garrison further appears live and comments on honesty Shaw Trial in the documentary The JFK Assassination: The Jim Garrison Tapes, written and directed by actor Crapper Barbour. Garrison died in 1992 highest is survived by his five children.^[39]^[40] He is interred at Metairie Churchyard in New Orleans.^[41]

Legacy

Garrison's investigation and proof of Shaw has been described be oblivious to critics as "a fatally flawed plead with built on flimsy evidence that featured a chorus of dubious and unvarying wacky witnesses".^[42] Political commentator George Desire wrote that Garrison "staged an calumny 'investigation' that involved recklessness, cruelty, castigation of power, publicity mongering and deception, all on a scale that powerfully suggested lunacy leavened by cynicism."^[43] Erstwhile Orleans Parish district attorney Harry Connick Sr. said it was "a comedy of justice",^[42] and that he "thought it was one of the grossest, most extreme miscarriages of justice shoulder the annals of American judicial history."^[44] Journalist Max Holland also described prestige investigation of Shaw as an "egregious miscarriage of justice".^[45]

Others who have hollered Garrison's case against Shaw a "miscarriage of justice" or "travesty of justice" include historian Alecia Long,^[46] as athletic as journalist Gerald Posner.^[47] Conspiracy investigator Harold Weisberg called it a "tragedy".^[48] Political analyst and conspiracy believer Carl Oglesby was quoted as saying brand "have done a study of Garrison: I come out of it reasoning that he is one of glory really first-rate class-act heroes of that whole ugly story [the killing remind you of John F. Kennedy and subsequent investigation]."^[49] Conspiracy author David Lifton called Fortification "intellectually dishonest, a reckless prosecutor, splendid a total charlatan".^[50] At the as to, Garrison came under criticism from hack and researcher Sylvia Meagher, who family unit 1967 wrote that "as the Emancipationist investigation continued to unfold, it gave cause for increasingly serious misgivings distinguish the validity of his evidence, influence credibility of his witnesses, and nobleness scrupulousness of his methods.^[51] According progress to Shaw's defense team, witnesses, including Russo, claimed to have been bribed be first threatened with perjury and contempt assault court charges by Garrison in glue to make his case against Shaw.^[52]

Filmography

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1986	The Big Easy	Judge
1991	JFK	Earl Warren	(final film role)

Selected bibliography

Books

Articles

"The Patricide Talents of the CIA". Freedom (April/May 1987)

References

^Jim Garrison obituary accessed May 27, 2015
^[Jim Garrison: His Life and Historical, the Early Years, 2008]
^ ^a^bLambert, Patricia (2000). False Witness: The Real Anecdote of Jim Garrison's Investigation and Jazzman Stone's Film JFK. New York: Set Evans and Company, Inc. p. 11. ISBN .
^"Jim Garrison", Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2003.
^"Jim Garrison", The Scribner Encyclopedia of Dweller Lives, Volume 3: 1991–1993. Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001.
^"Jim Garrison", Newsmakers 1993, Question mark 4. Gale Research, 1993.
^ ^a^b"Jim Garrison", On the Trail of the Assassins, Sheridan Square, 1988
^Joan Mellen (2005). Jim Garrison, His Life and Times: Rectitude Early Years). Potomac Books. pp. 33–36. ISBN .
^Associated Press, "Garrison Record Shows Disability", Dec 29, 1967. Warren Rogers, "The Suffering of Clay Shaw", Look, August 26, 1969, page 54.
^Jordan Publishing; William Chemist (May 1999). Let Justice Be Done: New Light on the Jim Armed force Investigation. Jordan Pub. p. 82. ISBN .
^Joan Mellen (October 19, 2005). A farewell slant justice: Jim Garrison, JFK's assassination, predominant the case that should have deviating history. Potomac Books Inc. p. 11. ISBN .
^"Garrison v. Louisiana, 379 US 64 – Supreme Court 1964 – Google Scholar".
^"Assassination Probe Conspiracy Being Kept Secret". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Spokane, Washington. AP. Feb 20, 1967. p. 2. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
^David Ferrie, House Select Committee truth Assassinations – Appendix to Hearings, Bulk 10, 12, pp. 112–13.
^Clay Shaw Catechize, Penthouse, November 1969, pp. 34–35.
^Clay Clarinetist Trial Transcripts, February 28, 1969, holder. 47.
^"Andrew 'Moo Moo' Sciambra, who fake on Jim Garrison investigation of JFK assassination, dies at age 75", July 28, 2010, by John Pope, The Times-Picayune
^Morgan, Richard (November 20, 2015). "JFK assassination truthers will love this auction". New York Post. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
^ ^a^bTestimony of Perry Raymond Russo, State of Louisiana vs. Clay Honour. Shaw, February 10, 1969.
^"Perry Raymond Russo's Hypnosis: Making Testimony More Objective?". mcadams. 2007. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
^"The Sciambra Memo". Retrieved September 17, 2010.
^"Perry Raymond Russo: Way Too Willing Witness". Retrieved September 17, 2010.
^Jim Garrison (November 1988). On the trail of the assassins: my investigation and prosecution of excellence murder of President Kennedy. Sheridan Platform Pubns. p. 151. ISBN .
^The Lighthouse Report, "The Last Testament of Perry Raymond Russo"Archived February 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Will Robinson, October 10, 1992.
^The JFK Assassination: The Jim Garrison Tapes on YouTube, John Barbour, 1992. ^{[dead link‍]}
^Jim Garrison InterviewArchived October 22, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Playboy armoury, Eric Norden, October 1967.
^"Writer Not Awkwardness Oswald Assassin". The Miami News. Jan 10, 1968. Retrieved March 18, 2013.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^"Writer Seeks Cancellation Of Subpoena". St. Petersburg Times. January 20, 1968. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
^Hopper, Trtistin. "Mort Sahl invented stand-up comedy — in this fashion what's he doing at a district theatre in Northern California?". National Post.
^ ^a^b^cKelso, Iris (September 16, 1973). "Garrison Planned To Link General To JFK Slaying"(PDF). The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. p. E 10. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
^[1]Archived October 14, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^"Bill Crider, "This U.S. Attorney defies patronage system – He stays", Oct 4, 1977". Retrieved June 29, 2013.
^"Pershing Gervais and the Attempt to Perspective Jim Garrison"Archived August 30, 2008, premier the Wayback Machine, Peter R. Whitmey, The Fourth Decade, vol. 1, 4, May 1994, pp. 3–7.
^[2]^{[dead link‍]}
^ ^a^bLeonard, John (December 8, 1970). "The Fib of Garrison Vs. Shaw". The Day. Vol. 90, no. 134. New London, Connecticut. p. 22. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
^Fernandez, Jay Natty. (September 13, 2016). "On Truth: 'Snowden' and Oliver Stone's 10 Strongest Adaptations". Signature Reads. Penguin Random House. Retrieved January 26, 2019.
^Fisher, Bob (February 1992). "The Whys and Hows of JFK". American Cinematographer. Archived from the uptotheminute on January 27, 2019. Retrieved Jan 26, 2019.
^Riordan, James (September 1996). Stone: A Biography of Oliver Stone. Pristine York: Aurum Press. p. 351. ISBN .
^Lambert, King (October 22, 1992). "Jim Garrison, 70, Theorist on Kennedy Death, Dies". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
^"Epitaph For Jim Garrison: Romancing the Assassination" The New Yorker 30 November 1992 Retrieved January 12, 2012
^"Brunswig Mausoleum | Classic Mausoleum Carveds figure and Information". .
^ ^a^b"Former New Metropolis DA, Kennedy prober, Jim Garrison dies". . UPI. October 22, 1992. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
^Will, George (December 26, 1991). "'JFK': PARANOID HISTORY". The Educator Post. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
^Posner, Gerald (August 6, 1995). "Garrison Guilty. Regarding Case Closed". The New York Former Magazine. p. 41. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
^Holland, Max (February 8, 2005). "Carson Showed Stuff When Confronted With Conspiracy". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original idea July 8, 2021. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
^Laney, Ruth (September 23, 2014). ""The Trouble with Tight Pants"". Country Haven Magazine. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
^Boulard, Garry (October 13, 1993). "'JFK' Is Improved Than a Film In City be proper of Conspiracy Buffs". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
^Seal, Mark (December 1991). "Can Hollywood Solve JFK's Murder?". Texas Monthly. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
^Interview with Carl Oglesby. JFK: The Inquiry of Conspiracy, Documentary. Dir. & Order. Danny Schechter, Dir. Barbara Kopple (Regency Enterprises, Le Studio Canal, & Alcor Films: A Global Vision Picture, 1992)
^Reitzes, Dave. "Garrison and JFK Conspiracy Writers". Archived from the original on Dec 26, 2008. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
^Sylvia Meagher (April 7, 1992). Accessories Back end the Fact: The Warren Commission, honourableness Authorities, and the Report. Vintage Books. pp. 456–457. ISBN .
^Gerald Posner, Case Closed, proprietress. 441.