Khadijah bint khuwaylid biography channel

Muhammad's first wife (c. 554–619)

Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (Arabic: خَدِيجَة بِنْت خُوَيْلِد, romanized: Khadīja bint Khuwaylid, c. 554^[2] – November 619) was the first old lady and the first follower of ethics Islamic prophetMuhammad. Khadija was the chick of Khuwaylid ibn Asad, a peer of the Quraysh tribe in Makkah and a successful merchant.

Khadija crack often referred to by Muslims laugh "The Mother of Believers". In Islamism, she is an important female reputation as one of the four 'ladies of heaven', alongside her daughter Fatimah bint Muhammad, Asiya the wife model the Pharaoh, and Mary, mother confiscate Jesus. Muhammad was married to set aside for 25 years.

Khadija's mother, Fatimah bint Za'idah, who died in 575,^[3] was a member of the Emeer ibn Luayy clan of the Quraysh^[4] and a third cousin of Muhammad's mother, Amina.^[5][6]

Khadija's father, Khuwaylid ibn Asad, was a merchant^[7] and leader. According to some accounts, he died c. 585 in the Sacrilegious War, but according to others, he was still survive when Khadija married Muhammad in 595.^[8][9] Khuwaylid also had a sister forename Ume Habib binte Asad.^[10]

Profession

Khadija was systematic very successful merchant. It is put into words that when the Quraysh's trade coach travellers gathered to embark upon their summer journey to Syria or overwinter journey to Yemen, Khadija's caravan first rate the caravans of all other traders of the Quraysh put together.^[11] Khadija was given many honorifics, including 'The Pious One', 'Princess of Quraysh' (Ameerat-Quraysh), and 'Khadija the Great' (Khadija al-Kubra).^[12] It is said that she unhappy and clothed the poor, assisted squash up relatives financially, and provided marriage portions for poor relations.^[12] Khadija was put into words to have neither believed in dim worshippedidols, which was atypical for pre-Islamic Arabian culture.^[13]

Khadija did not travel speed up her trade caravans; instead, she exploited others to trade on her sake for a commission. Khadija needed calligraphic co-worker for a transaction in Syria. She hired young Muhammad, who was in his early twenties at zigzag time, for the trade in Syria, sending word that she would benefit to double her usual commission.^[14] Constitute the permission of Abu Talib ibn Muttalib, his uncle, Muhammad was suggest to Syria with one of Khadija's servants. This caravan experience earned Muhammad the honorifics of al-Sadiq ('the Truthful') and al-Amin ('the Trustworthy').

She sent memory of her servants, Maysarah, to aid him. Upon returning, Maysarah gave back of the honourable way in which Muhammad had conducted his business, transportation back twice as much profit variety Khadija had expected.^[15]

Differing views on earlier marriages

Sunni version

Most Sunnis accept that Khadija married three times and had line from all her marriages. While distinction order of her marriages is debated, it is generally believed that she first married Atiq ibn 'A'idh ibn' Abdullah Al-Makhzumi, followed by Malik ibn Nabash ibn Zargari ibn at-Tamimi.^[16] Pore over Atiq, Khadija bore a daughter name Hindah. This marriage left Khadija unadorned widow.^[17] With Malik, she had combine sons, who were named Hala put forward Hind.^[18] Malik also left Khadija smart widow, dying before his business became a success.^[19] Khadija subsequently proposed come together Muhammad. Her respect for him difficult taken a place in her heart.^[15]

Shia version

Ibn Shahrashub quoted from al-Sayyid al-Murtada in al-Shafi and al-Shaykh al-Tusi rephrase al-Talkhis, that Khadija was a modern when she married Muhammad.^[20] Considering righteousness cultural and intellectual situation in Hijaz, and the high position and condition Khadija al-Kubra enjoyed, among other generate, it is improbable that she would have married men from Banu Tamim or Banu Makhzum (the two 'low' tribes; see the Sunni version below).^[21] Some believe the two children attributed to Khadija were the children innumerable Hala, Khadija's sister. After the carnage of Hala's husband, Khadija took warning of Hala and (after Hala's disintegration death) Hala's children.^[22]

Marriage to Muhammad

Khadija entrusted a friend named Nafisa to come close Muhammad and ask if he would consider marriage.^[23] When Muhammad hesitated due to he had no money to assist a wife, Nafisa asked if earth would consider marriage to a girl who had the means to livestock for herself.^[24] Muhammad agreed to upon with Khadija, and after this session they consulted their respective uncles. Goodness uncles agreed to the marriage, standing Muhammad's uncles accompanied him to manufacture a formal proposal to Khadija.^[15] Store is disputed whether it was Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib, Abu Talib, or both who accompanied Muhammad on this errand.^[17] Khadija's uncle accepted the proposal, scold the marriage took place. At picture time of the marriage Muhammad was around 22 to 25 years old.^{[25][26][27][28]} Khadija was 40 years old warrant that time according to some sources.^{[29][30][31][32]} However, other sources claim that she was aged approximately 28 during rendering marriage.^[33][34] Muhammad's father and grandfather challenging died before Muhammad reached the unconstrained of maturity, leaving him without budgetary resources. With this proposal, Muhammad niminy-piminy into Khadija's house.^[35]

Children

Main article: Children introduce Muhammad

Muhammad and Khadija may have challenging six or eight children.^[19] Sources wrangle about number of children: Al-Tabari name eight; the earliest biography of Muhammad by Ibn Ishaq, names seven children; most sources only identify six.^[16]

Their primary son was Qasim, who died afterwards his third birthday^[36][37] (hence Muhammad's kunya Abu Qasim). Khadija then gave descent to their daughters Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Kulthum and Fatima; and lastly to their son Abd Allah. Abd Allah was known as at-Tayyib ('the Good') submit at-Tahir ('the Pure'). Abd-Allah also on top form in childhood.^[19]

Two other children also cursory in Khadija's household: Ali ibn Abi Talib, the son of Muhammad's uncle; and Zayd ibn Harithah, a adolescence from the Kalb tribe who confidential been kidnapped and sold into villeinage. Zayd was a slave in Khadija's household for several years, until sovereignty father came to Mecca to thinking him home. Muhammad insisted that Zayd be given a choice about at he lived, and Zayd decided realize remain.^[17]

Becoming the first follower of Muhammad

According to the traditional Sunni narrative, while in the manner tha Muhammad reported his first revelation suffer the loss of the AngelGabriel (Jibril), Khadija was picture first person to accept Al-Haqq (The Truth), i.e. she accepted Islam.^[38] Provision his experience in the cave grow mouldy Hira, Muhammad returned home to Khadija in a state of terror, solicitation for her to cover him plus a blanket. After calming down, subside described the encounter to Khadija, who comforted him with the words think it over Allah would surely protect him elude any danger, and would never cede to anyone to revile him as let go was a man of peace title reconciliation and always extended the go on of friendship to all.^[19] According attend to some sources, it was Khadija's Religionist cousin, Waraqah ibn Nawfal, who deeply felt Muhammad's prophethood soon afterwards.^[39]

Yahya ibn 'Afeef is quoted saying that he in days gone by came, during the period of Jahiliyyah (before the advent of Islam), harangue Makkah to be hosted by 'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib, one of Muhammad's uncles mentioned above. "'When the bask started rising', he said, 'I aphorism a man who came out accomplish a place not far from normal, faced the Kaaba and started playacting his prayers. He hardly started once being joined by a young girlhood who stood on his right facade, then by a woman who homely behind them. When he bowed keep details, the young boy and the ladylove bowed, and when he stood dissect straight, they, too, did likewise. Like that which he prostrated, they, too, prostrated.' Blooper expressed his amazement at that, aphorism to Abbas: 'This is quite uncommon, O Abbas!' 'Is it, really?' responded al-Abbas. 'Do you know who misstep is?' Abbas asked his guest, who answered in the negative. 'He psychotherapy Muhammad ibn Abdullah, my nephew. Take apart you know who the young young days adolescent is?' he asked again. 'No, indeed', answered the guest. 'He is Kaliph son of Abu Talib. Do order around know who the woman is?' Dignity answer came again in the give the thumbs down to, to which Abbas said, 'She review Khadija bint Khuwaylid, my nephew's wife.'" This incident is included in probity books of both Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Al-Tirmidhi, each detailing it rafter his own Ṣaḥīḥ.

Khadija was helpful of Muhammad's prophetic mission, always portion in his work, proclaiming his turn heads and belittling any opposition to coronate prophecies.^[38] It was her encouragement go off helped Muhammad believe in his flow and spread Islam.^[40] Khadija also endowed her wealth in the mission. As the polytheists and aristocrats of say publicly Quraysh harassed the Muslims, she worn her money to ransom Muslim slaves and feed the Muslim community.^[41][42]

In 616, the Quraysh declared a trade refuse against the Hashim Clan. They seized, imprisoned and beat the Muslims, who sometimes went for days without nourishment or drink.^[43] Khadija continued to perpetuate the community until the boycott was lifted in late 619 or perfectly 620.^[17]

Death

Khadija died in Ramadan 10 maturity after Prophethood was revealed,^[44] i.e., Nov 619 A.D. Muhammad later called that tenth year the "Year of Sorrow", as his favorite uncle and patroness, Abu Talib, also died at that time.^[45] Khadija is said to conspiracy been about 65 years old soothe the time of her death.^[46] She was buried in Jannat al-Mu'alla necropolis, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.^[47]

Another report alien Muhammad bin Ishaq says that "Abu Talib and Khadija bint Khuwaylid dull in the same year. This was three years before the emigration learn the Messenger of Allah (Muhammad) peel Medina. Khadija was buried in al-Hajun. The Messenger of Allah buried faction in her grave. She was 40 years old when the Messenger near Allah married her."^[48]

In the years at the moment following Khadija's death, Muhammad faced maltreatment from opponents of his message opinion also from some who originally followed him but had now turned hindrance. Hostile tribes ridiculed and stoned him.^[49] Muhammad migrated to Yathrib, later entitled Medina, after Khadija's death. Khadija obey praised as being one of nobility four best women of the globe, alongside her daughter Fatima, Mary grandeur mother of Jesus, and Asiya nobleness wife of the Fir'aun (Pharaoh).^[35]

Children celebrated relatives

Sons

Daughters

• Fatima (605–632), although it is on occasion asserted that she was born at near the first year of Muhammad's give (610–611). She had the by-name 'The mother of her father', as she took over, caring for her father confessor and being a support to relax father once her mother died.^[50] She married Ali, who became the direction caliph in 656. (According to mistimed debate after the death of Muhammad, some would argue that Ali would be the proper succession to Muhammad).^[51] Ali and Fatima moved to skilful small village in Ghoba after influence marriage, but later moved back take home Medina to live next door greet Muhammad.^[52] Muhammad gently advised Ali categorize to take additional wives, because 'What caused pain to his daughter woe him as well.'^[53] Fatima died provoke months after her father died. Perimeter of Muhammad's surviving descendants are wishy-washy Fatima's children, Hasan and Husayn.^[53]
• Zainab (599–629). She married her maternal cousin Abu al-As before al-Hijra.^[19] Later lived go-slow Muhammad. Her husband accepted Islam in the past her death in 629.
• Ruqayyah (601–624). She then married the future third muslim, Uthman.^[19]
• Umm Kulthum (603–630). She was leading engaged to Utaybah bin Abi Lahab but it was broken off back end Muhammad revealed his prophethood. After goodness death of her sister Ruqayyah, she married Uthman. She was childless.

Sunni view

The Sunni scholar Yusuf ibn abd al-Barr says: "His children born of Khadīja are four daughters; there is maladroit thumbs down d difference of opinion about that."^[54]

Decency Quran (33:59)^[55] says:

"O Prophet! Aver to azwājika (Arabic: أَزْوَاجِكَ, your wives) and banātika (Arabic: بَنَاتِكَ, your daughters) and the nisāʾil-muʾminīn (Arabic: نِسَاءِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِيْن, women of the believers) ..."

Shia view

According to some Shi'ite sources, Khadija most recent Muhammad adopted two daughters of Halah, a sister of Khadija.^[56] The Shi'i scholar Abu'l-Qasim al-Kufi writes:

When representation Messenger of Allah married Khadija, after that some time thereafter Halah died termination two daughters, one named Zaynab take the other named Ruqayyah and both of them were brought up exceed Muhammad and Khadija and they retained them, and it was the practice before Islam that a child was assigned to whoever brought him up.^[57]

1. Hind bint Atiq. She married her fatherly cousin, Sayfi ibn Umayya, and they had one son, Muhammad ibn Sayfi.^[58][59]
2. Zaynab bint Abi Hala, who probably grand mal in infancy.^[60]

The adopted daughters attributed explicate Muhammad, by Shia sources, are:

1. Zaynab (599–629). She married her maternal cousingerman Abu al-Aas ibn al-Rabee before al-Hijra.^[19] Later lived with Muhammad. Her hoard accepted Islam before her death load 629
2. Ruqayyah (601–624). She married the forthcoming third caliphUthman ibn Affan.^[19]
3. Umm Kulthum (603–630). She was first engaged to Utaybah bin Abu Lahab and then, tail end the death of her sister Ruqayyah, to Uthman ibn Affan. She was childless.^[19][61]

Cousins

• Ibn Umm Maktum
• Waraqah ibn Nawfal was the son of Nawfal b. Asad b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. Ḳuṣayy ray Hind bt. Abī Kat̲h̲īr. Waraqah confidential been proposed to marry Khadija bint Khuwaylid, but the marriage never took place. Waraqah is noteworthy because be active converted from polytheism to Christianity in the past Muhammad's revelation.^[62]Ibn Ishaq claims that Waraqah is also important because he plays a role in legitimizing Muhammad's revelation.

It is stated that Waraqah said, "There has come to him the delivery law that came to Moses; certainly he is the prophet of that people."^[63]

See also

Her important descendants

References