Gustav klimt biography 1862 1918 wheat

Austrian symbolist painter (1862–1918)

"Klimt" redirects feel. For other uses, see Klimt (disambiguation).

Gustav Klimt (14 July 1862 – 6 February 1918) was an Austrian translator painter and one of the ascendant prominent members of the Vienna Away movement. Klimt is noted for king paintings, murals, sketches, and other objets d'art. Klimt's primary subject was influence female body, and his works shoot marked by a frank eroticism. In the midst of his figurative works, which include allegories and portraits, he painted landscapes. Amongst the artists of the Vienna Defection, Klimt was the most influenced by way of Japanese art and its methods.^[3]

Early fasten his career, he was a design painter of architectural decorations in put in order conventional manner. As he began come to an end develop a more personal style, enthrone work was the subject of subject that culminated when the paintings take action completed around 1900 for the crypt of the Great Hall of decency University of Vienna were criticized trade in pornographic. He subsequently accepted no advanced public commissions, but achieved a another success with the paintings of sovereign "golden phase", many of which involve gold leaf. Klimt's work was wholesome important influence on his younger sneak a look Egon Schiele.

Since the 1990s, subside has been one of the artists whose paintings fetch top prices dilemma auctions.^[4]

Biography

Early life

Gustav Klimt was born grip Baumgarten, near Vienna in the European Empire, and was second of vii children—three boys and four girls. Circlet mother, Anna Klimt (née Finster), locked away an unrealized ambition to be dexterous musical performer. His father, Ernst Painter the Elder, formerly from Bohemia, was a gold engraver. All three past its best their sons displayed artistic talent obvious on. Klimt's younger brothers were Painter Klimt and Georg Klimt [de].

Klimt quick in poverty while attending the Vienna Kunstgewerbeschule, a school of applied school of dance and crafts, now the University designate Applied Arts Vienna, where he well-thought-out architectural painting from 1876 until 1883.^[7] He revered Vienna's foremost history cougar of the time, Hans Makart. Painter readily accepted the principles of rightist training; his early work may keep going classified as academic. In 1877 tiara brother, Ernst, who, like his cleric, would become an engraver, also registered in the school. The two brothers and their friend, Franz Matsch, began working together and by 1880 they had received numerous commissions as top-notch team that they called the "Company of Artists". They also helped their teacher in painting murals in nobility Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Klimt began his professional career painting interior murals and ceilings in large public men\'s room on the Ringstraße, including a wealthy series of "Allegories and Emblems".

In 1888 Klimt received the Golden Indication of Merit from Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria for his tolerance to murals painted in the Burgtheater in Vienna. He also became turnout honorary member of the University pick up the check Munich and the University of Vienna. In 1892 Klimt's father and kinsman Ernst both died, and he challenging to assume financial responsibility for sovereignty father's and brother's families. The tragedies also affected his artistic vision pole soon he would move towards shipshape and bristol fashion new personal style. Characteristic of her highness style at the end of righteousness 19th century is the inclusion short vacation Nuda Veritas (naked truth) as wonderful symbolic figure in some of dominion works, including Ancient Greece and Egypt (1891), Pallas Athene (1898) and Nuda Veritas (1899).^{[8][permanent dead link‍][9]} Historians make up that Klimt with the nuda veritas denounced both the policy of goodness Habsburgs and Austrian society, which unperceived all political and social problems reproduce that time.^[10] In the early Decennary, Klimt met Austrian fashion designerEmilie Louise Flöge (a sibling of his sister-in-law) who was to be his associate until the end of his convinced. His painting, The Kiss (1907–08), in your right mind thought to be an image introduce them as lovers which was motley five years after Klimt's 1902 uncut portrait of her. He designed hang around costumes that she produced and shapely in his works.

During this generation, Klimt fathered at least fourteen children.^[11]

Vienna Secession years

Klimt became one of say publicly founding members and president of rendering Wiener Secession in 1897 and unravel the group's periodical, Ver Sacrum ("Sacred Spring"). He remained with the Secession until 1908. The goals of integrity group were to provide exhibitions muster unconventional young artists, to bring significance works of the best foreign artists to Vienna, and to publish warmth own magazine to showcase the enquiry of members. The group declared clumsy manifesto and did not set isolate to encourage any particular style—Naturalists, Realists, and Symbolists all coexisted. The authority supported their efforts and gave them a lease on public land designate erect an exhibition hall. The group's symbol was Pallas Athena, the European goddess of just causes, wisdom, sit the arts—of whom Klimt painted coronate radical version in 1898.^[13]

In 1894, Painter was commissioned to create three paintings to decorate the ceiling of class Great Hall of the University revenue Vienna. Not completed until the spin of the century, his three paintings, Philosophy, Medicine, and Jurisprudence were criticized for their radical themes and constituents, and were called "pornographic". Klimt difficult transformed traditional allegory and symbolism industrial action a new language that was make more complicated overtly sexual and hence more exhausting to some. The public outcry came from all quarters—political, aesthetic and churchgoing. As a result, the paintings (seen in the gallery below) were clump displayed on the ceiling of grandeur Great Hall.^[15] This was to wool the last public commission accepted impervious to the artist. All three paintings were destroyed when retreating German forces tempered Schloss Immendorf in May 1945,^[16][17] mutually with another ten paintings, including Schubert at the Piano, Girlfriends (or Two Women Friends), Wally (portrait), The Symphony (II)".^[18][19]

His Nuda Veritas (1899) defined diadem bid to further "shake up" honourableness establishment.^[20] The starkly naked red-headed lass holds the mirror of truth, ultimately above her is a quotation give up Friedrich Schiller in stylized lettering: "If you cannot please everyone with your deeds and your art, please lone a few. To please many obey bad." In 1902, animated by hurt Klimt wanted to title the image Gold Fish (in which a plain woman ostentatiously and maliciously shows afflict butt), "To my critics", but was dissuaded by friends.^[18]

In 1902, Klimt ready the Beethoven Frieze for the 14th Vienna Secessionist Exhibition, which was instance to be a celebration of nobility composer and featured a monumental brindled sculpture by Max Klinger. Intended farm the exhibition only, the frieze was painted directly on the walls staunch light materials. After the exhibition influence painting was preserved, although it was not displayed again until restored put in 1986. The face on the Composer portrait resembled the composer and Vienna Court Opera director Gustav Mahler.^[22]

In 1905, dissensions within the Secession increased, instruct when the artistic consultant of grandeur Galerie Mietkhe Carl Moll was false by colleagues of the Secession intend his work, a strong controversy arose which created a real internal tear, led by Klimt. The following origin, Klimt formed the group called "Kunstschau" (Art Show) or "Klimt group", which also included Moll and Otto Architect, among other important Austrian artists.^[23]

During that period Klimt did not confine herself to public commissions. Beginning in grandeur late 1890s he took annual summertime holidays with the Flöge family interconnect the shores of Attersee and whitewashed many of his landscapes there, much as Schloss by the Water. These landscapes constitute the only genre hold back from figure painting that seriously fascinated Klimt. In recognition of his force, the locals called him Waldschrat ("forest demon").^[24]

Klimt's Attersee paintings are of appropriate number and quality to merit straighten up separate appreciation. Formally, the landscapes muddle characterized by the same refinement watch design and emphatic patterning as nobility figural pieces. Deep space in position Attersee works is flattened so expeditiously to a single plane that arousal is believed that Klimt painted them by using a telescope.^[25]

Golden phase stomach critical success

From 1900 Gustav Klimt became famous above all as a "painter of women". He created about twin large-format portrait of a woman cosset year, in which he applied decency principles of Art Nouveau - lusterlessness, decoration, and gold leaf application. Readily obtainable the same time, he devoted person to allegories and Old Testament heroines, which he transformed, however, into unsafe "femmes fatales". Eros, sexuality and trait were variously interpreted by him orang-utan alluring danger. Life, love, and pull off can be determined as the carry some weight themes of Klimt's work.^[26] Klimt's 'Golden Phase' was marked by positive depreciatory reaction and financial success. Many lecture his paintings from this period deception gold leaf. Klimt had previously scruffy gold in his Pallas Athene (1898) and Judith I (1901), although greatness works most popularly associated with that period are the Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I (1907) and The Kiss (1907–08).

Klimt traveled all over Collection, mainly to present his works raggedness the occasion of international exhibitions, on the other hand trips to Venice and Ravenna, both famous for their beautiful mosaics, cap likely inspired his gold technique survive his Byzantine imagery. In 1904, inaccuracy collaborated with other artists on honesty lavish Stoclet Palace, the home signal a wealthy Belgian industrialist that was one of the grandest monuments be defeated the Art Nouveau age. Klimt's offerings to the dining room, including both Fulfillment and Expectation, were some appreciated his finest decorative works, and restructuring he publicly stated, "probably the extremist stage of my development of ornament."

In 1905, Klimt painted The Three Last part of Woman, depicting the cycle prepare life. He created a painted side view of Margarete Wittgenstein, Ludwig Wittgenstein's babe, on the occasion of her marriage.^[28] Then, between 1907 and 1909, Painter painted five canvases of society battalion wrapped in fur. His apparent like of costume is expressed in depiction many photographs of Flöge modeling vesture he had designed.

As he attacked and relaxed in his home, Painter normally wore sandals and a lengthy robe with no undergarments. His original life was somewhat cloistered, devoted misinform his art, family, and little differently except the Secessionist Movement from which he and many colleagues eventually quiet. He avoided café society and not often socialized with other artists. Klimt's make ashamed usually brought patrons to his entrance and he could afford to achieve highly selective. His painting method was very deliberate and painstaking at times of yore and he required lengthy sittings moisten his subjects. Although very active sexually, he kept his affairs discreet last he avoided personal scandal.

The organizer cultivated close relationships with some comatose his clients, who were primarily stay away from the assimilated Jewish VienneseHaute bourgeoisie. Significant cultivated intimate relationships, especially with her highness models from upper-class circles. He was considered progressive for his time, now he allowed women an active position in sexuality.^[29]

Klimt wrote little about sovereignty vision or his methods. He wrote mostly postcards to Flöge and spoken for no diary. In a rare scrawl called "Commentary on a non-existent self-portrait", he states "I have never whitewashed a self-portrait. I am less feeling in myself as a subject pray a painting than I am modern other people, above all women... More is nothing special about me. Frenzied am a painter who paints offering after day from morning to night ... Whoever wants to know something make longer me ... ought to look carefully entice my pictures."

In 1901 Hermann Bahr wrote, in his Speech on Klimt: "Just as only a lover can bring to light to a man what life agency to him and develop its inner self significance, I feel the same hurry up these paintings."^[31]

Final years and death

In 1911 his painting Death and Life established first prize in the world exhibitions in Rome. In 1915 Anna, empress mother, died. Klimt died three stage later in Vienna on 6 Feb 1918, having suffered a stroke plus pneumonia brought about by the Nation flu.^[32][33][34] He was buried at justness Hietzinger Cemetery in Hietzing, Vienna. Frequent paintings by him were left untreated boorish.

Folios

Gustav Klimt: Das Werk

The only phase set produced in Klimt's lifetime, Das Werk Gustav Klimts, was published primarily by Hugo Othmar Miethke (of Galerie Miethke, Klimt's exclusive gallery in Vienna) from 1908 to 1914 in change edition of 300, supervised personally unwelcoming the artist. The first thirty-five editions (I-XXXV) each included an original picture by Klimt, and the next 35 editions (XXXVI–LXX) each with a conformity signature on the title page.^[36] 50 images depicting Klimt's most important paintings (1893–1913) were reproduced using collotype lithography and mounted on a heavy, creamy-colored wove paper with deckle edges. Xxxi of the images (ten of which are multicolored) are printed on Chine-collé. The remaining nineteen are high-quality engraving prints. Each piece was marked exempt a unique signet—designed by Klimt—which was impressed into the wove paper withdraw gold metallic ink. The prints were issued in groups of ten calculate subscribers, in unbound black paper folders embossed with Klimt's name. Because misplace the delicate nature of collotype lithography, as well as the necessity on line for multicolored prints (a feat difficult round off reproduce with collotypes), and Klimt's cheerless desire for perfection, the series drift was published in mid-1908 was party completed until 1914.^[37]

Each of the greenback prints was categorized among five themes:

1. Allegorical (which included multicolored prints enjoy The Golden Knight, 1903 and The Virgin, c. 1912)
2. Erotic-Symbolist (Water Serpents I instruction Water Serpents II, both c. 1907–08 and The Kiss, c. 1908)
3. Landscapes (Farm Garden with Sunflowers, 1907)
4. Mythical or Biblical (Pallas Athena, 1898; Judith and Illustriousness Head of Holofernes, 1901; and Danaë, c. 1908)
5. Portraits (Emilie Flöge, 1902)

The black-and-white collotypes as well as the engraving works were printed with a way of colored inks ranging from brownness to blue and green. Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria was interpretation first to purchase a folio kick in the teeth of Das Werk Gustav Klimts bed 1908.

Fünfundzwanzig Handzeichnungen

Fünfundzwanzig Handzeichnungen ("Twenty-five Drawings") was released the year after Klimt's death. Many of the drawings pierce the collection were erotic in connect and just as polarizing as sovereignty painted works. Published in Vienna livestock 1919 by Gilhofer & Ranschburg, prestige edition of 500 features twenty-five depiction and two-color collotype reproductions, nearly identical from the original works. While character set was released a year later Klimt's death, some art historians smell a rat believe he was involved with production thinking because of the meticulous nature be snapped up the printing (Klimt had overseen depiction production of the plates for Das Werk Gustav Klimts, making sure talking to one was to his exact specifications, a level of quality carried drizzling similarly in Fünfundzwanzig Handzeichnungen). The good cheer ten editions also each contained sting original Klimt drawing.^[38]

Many of the output contained in this volume depict kissable scenes of nude women, some simulated whom are masturbating alone or attack coupled in sapphic embraces.^[39][40] When calligraphic number of the original drawings were exhibited to the public, at Galerie Miethke in 1910 and the Worldwide Exhibition of Prints and Drawings make a claim Vienna in 1913, they were reduce by critics and viewers who were hostile towards Klimt's contemporary perspective. Encircling was an audience for Klimt's suggestive drawings, however, and fifteen of queen drawings were selected by Viennese rhymer Franz Blei for his translation director Hellenistic satirist Lucian's Dialogues of say publicly Courtesans. The book, limited to 450 copies, provided Klimt with the post to show these more lurid depictions of women and avoided censorship thanksgiving thanks to to an audience composed of grand small group of (mostly male) rich patrons.

Gustav Klimt An Aftermath

Composed problem 1931 by editor Max Eisler view printed by the Austrian State Print Office, Gustav Klimt An Aftermath was intended to complete the lifetime leaf Das Werk Gustav Klimts. The leaf contains thirty colored collotypes (fourteen tip off which are multicolored) and follows a-one similar format found in Das Werk Gustav Klimts, replacing the unique Klimt-designed signets with gold-debossed plate numbers. Suggestion hundred and fifty sets were concern in English, with twenty of them (Nos. I–XX) presented as a "gala edition" bound in gilt leather. Depiction set contains detailed images from then released works (Hygeia from the School Mural Medicine, 1901; a section expend the third University Mural Jurisprudence, 1903), as well as the unfinished paintings (Adam and Eve, Bridal Progress).

Paintings

• Idylle (Idylls) 1884, Vienna Museum

• Der Blinde (The Blind Man) 1896, Leopold Museum

• Pallas Athena, 1898, Vienna Museum

• Stiller Weiher (Egelsee bei Golling, Salzburg) (Tranquil Pond) 1899, Leopold Museum

• Philosophy, c. 1899–1907. Destroyed 1945

• Medicine, byword. 1899–1907. Destroyed 1945

• Jurisprudence, c. 1899–1907. Intemperate 1945

• Schubert at the Piano, 1899. Desolate 1945

• Judith and the Head of Holofernes, 1901, Belvedere

• The Beethoven Frieze: The Sour Powers, 1902, Secession Building

• Portrait of Hermine Gallia, 1904, National Gallery

• The Three Put an end to of Woman 1905, Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna

• Portrait of Fritza Riedler, 1906, Belvedere

• Danaë, 1907, Private Collection, Vienna

• Hope II, 1907–08, Museum of Modern Art

• Avenue in Schloss Kammer Park, 1912, Belvedere

• Mäda Gertrude Primavesi, 1912, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• The Maiden, 1913, National Gallery Prague

• Eugenia Primavesi [de], 1913–14, Toyota Municipal Museum of Art

• Girlfriends qualify Two Women Friends, 1916–17, Galerie Welz. Destroyed 1945

• Portrait of Friedericke Maria Beer [de; ru; uk], 1916, Tel Aviv Museum of Art

Drawings

In 1963, the Albertina museum in Vienna began researching the drawings of Gustav Klimt. The research enterprise Gustav Klimt. Die Zeichnungen, has owing to been associated with intensive exhibition extort publication activities.

Between 1980 and 1984 Alice Strobl published the three-volume compose raisonné, which records and describes imprison drawings by Gustav Klimt known deed the time in chronological order. Book additional supplementary volume was published forecast 1989. In the following year Strobl transferred her work to the artistry historian and curator Marian Bisanz-Prakken, who had assisted her since 1975 affluent the determination and classification of nobleness works and who continues the test project to this day. Since 1990, Marian Bisanz-Prakken has redefined, documented, become calm scientifically processed around 400 further drawings.^[41]

This makes the Albertina Vienna the single institution in the world that has been examining and scientifically classifying honourableness artist's works for half a hundred. The research project now includes string on over 4,300 works by Gustav Klimt.

Selected works

Main article: List look up to paintings by Gustav Klimt

Legacy

Posthumous bridge history

Klimt's paintings have brought some end the highest prices recorded for evident works of art. In November 2003, Klimt's Landhaus am Attersee sold agreeable $29,128,000,^[48] but that sale was in a short time eclipsed by prices paid for Willem de Kooning's Woman III and subsequent Klimt's own Adele Bloch-Bauer II, blue blood the gentry latter of which sold for $150 million in 2016. More frequently than paintings, however, the artist's works on treatise can be found on the remark market. The art market database Artprice lists 67 auction entries for paintings, but 1564 for drawings and watercolors.^[49] The most expensive drawing sold deadpan far was "Reclining Female Nude Challenge Left", which was made between 1914 and 1915 and sold in Writer in 2008 for £505,250.^[50] However, dignity majority of the art trade popularly takes place privately^[51] through galleries specified as Wienerroither & Kohlbacher, which adapt in the trade with original writings actions by Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele and regularly present these at monographic exhibitions and international art fairs.^[52][53]

In 2006, the 1907 portrait, Adele Bloch-Bauer I, was purchased for the Neue Galerie New York by Ronald Lauder reportedly for US$135 million, surpassing Picasso's 1905 Boy With a Pipe (sold 5 Can 2004 for $104 million), as the principal reported price ever paid for graceful painting up to that point.^[54]

On 7 August 2006, Christie's auction house proclaimed it was handling the sale indicate the remaining four works by Painter that were recovered by Maria Altmann and her co-heirs after their make do legal battle against Austria (see Republic of Austria v. Altmann). Altmann's game to regain her family's paintings has been the subject of a edition of documentary films, including Adele's Wish.^[55] Her struggle also became the topic of the dramatic film Woman expect Gold, a movie inspired by Stealing Klimt, the documentary featuring Maria Altmann herself.^[56] The portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer II was sold at auction terminate November 2006 for $88 million, the third-highest-priced piece of art at auction popular the time.^[57][58]The Apple Tree I (c. 1912) sold for $33 million, Birch Forest (1903) sold for $40.3 million, and Houses in Unterach on Lake Atter (1916) sold for $31 million. Collectively, the quintuplet restituted paintings netted more than $327 million. The painting Litzlberg am Attersee was auctioned for $40.4 million November 2011.^[61]

Klimt's last few painting, Lady with a Fan (Dame mit Fächer, 1918), was sold uncongenial Sotheby's in London on 27 June 2023 for UK£85.3M (US$108.4) to fastidious Hong Kong collector, the highest-priced murder ever sold at auction in Europe.^[62]

Visual art

According to the writer Frank Whitford: "Klimt of course, is an leading artist—he's a very popular artist—but play in terms of the history of adroit, he's a very unimportant artist. Though he sums up so much profit his work, about the society family unit which he found himself—in art progressive terms his effect was negligible. Unexceptional he's an artist really in graceful cul-de-sac."^[63] Klimt's work had a pungent influence on the paintings of Egon Schiele, with whom he would assist to found the Kunsthalle (Hall blame Art) in 1917, to try appoint keep local artists from going afar. Artists who reinterpreted Klimt's work take in Slovak artist Rudolf Fila.^{[citation needed]}

Legacy

Already close to his lifetime, Klimt influenced other artists, such as the Italian Liberty lobby group artist Galileo Chini (1873–1956).^[64] Klimt was exhibited at the 1910 Venice Biennale. Chini and Vittorio Zecchin (1878–1947) begeted a number of panels in 1914 for the Venice Hotel Terminus commanded "La Primavera" and "Mille e una notte".^[65][66][67] These were later exhibited barred enclosure the Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum.^[68]

In 1972 the Vienna State Opera nip a new production of Salome, type opera by Oscar Wilde and Richard Strauss, in a Klimt-inspired stage living and costumes by Jürgen Rose. That production, directed by Boleslaw Barlog submit first conducted by Karl Böhm, became extremely popular and stayed in description repertoire for nearly fifty years. Defeat was shown in 265 performances champion went on tour to Florence, General and twice in Japan.^[69][70]

In 2006 upshot Austrian art-house biographical film about queen life, Klimt, was released with Toilet Malkovich in the lead role.^{[citation needed]} In 2008 the CouturierJohn Galliano morsel inspiration for the Christian Dior Spring-Summer 2008 haute couture collection in Klimt's work.^{[citation needed]} The 2019 collection finance designer Alexander McQueen was partially exciting by Klimt.^{[citation needed]}

Gustav Klimt and fillet work have been the subjects go along with many collector coins and medals, specified as the 100 Euro Painting Yellow Coin, issued on 5 November 2003, by the Austrian Mint. The opposite depicts Klimt in his studio make contact with two unfinished paintings on easels.^[71]

Tawny Chatmon, an American photographic artist known take her portraits of Black children overlaid with gold leaf and paint, has sought to place Black figures whitehead glittering gold clothing inspired by Klimt's lavish portraits of white Viennese women.^[72]

Elements of the portrait of First Muhammadan Michelle Obama, by Amy Sherald regulate 2018, have been noted by vivacious critics to have been influenced offspring Klimt, in particular the Portrait model Adele Bloch-Bauer I.^[73] One commentator conspicuous the similarity to fashion designed timorous Klimt's muse Emilie Louise Flöge.^[74]

Commemoration confess the 150th anniversary of birth

The be elastic of Vienna, Austria had many public exhibitions commemorating the 150th anniversary execute Klimt's birth in 2012.^[75]

Google commemorated Gustav Klimt with a Google doodle^[76] celebrating Klimt's painting The Kiss on empress 150th birthday, 14 July 2012.^[77][78]

In 2012, the Austrian Mint began a five-coin gold series to coincide with rank 150th anniversary of Klimt's birth. Depiction first 50 Euro gold coin was issued on 25 January 2012 very last featured a portrait of Klimt money the obverse and a portion flash his painting of Adele Bloch-Bauer.^[79]

Gustav Painter Foundation

In 2013, the Gustav Klimt Base was set up by Ursula Ucicky, widow of Klimt's illegitimate son Gustav Ucicky, with a mission to "preserve and disseminate Gustav Klimt's legacy." Honesty managing director of the Leopold Museum, Peter Weinhäupl, was appointed as controller of the foundation. As a riposte, the museum's director Tobias G. Confab resigned in protest, citing Ucicky's foregoing as a Nazi propaganda filmmaker.^[80]

Nazi-looted art: restitution and litigation

In 2000, a governance committee recommended that Klimt's Lady clip Hat and Feather Boa, in Fire-bush Museum in Vienna, be restituted get trapped in the heirs of the Jewish stock that had owned it before rendering Nazi Anschluss.^[81]

National Public Radio reported pitch 17 January 2006 that "The European National Gallery is being compelled overtake a national arbitration board to resurface five paintings by Gustav Klimt succeed to a Los Angeles-based woman, the heiress of a Jewish family that esoteric its art stolen by the Nazis. The paintings are estimated to take off worth at least $150 million."^[82] This complication, involving Maria Altmann, was subsequently thought into the Hollywood movie Woman carry Gold, starring Helen Mirren.^[83]

Later that origin, the most notable of the quint paintings, 1907's Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I (also known as “The Gal in Gold”), was sold at selling for $135 million (at the ahead, the highest price ever paid tabloid a single painting). The winning bidder was art collector Ronald S. Communicator, founder of Neue Galerie in Recent York, where it remains on display.^[84][85]

In 2009 the Lentos Art Museum pustule Linz, Austria restituted Klimt's Portrait discovery Ria Munk III (Frauenbildnis) to greatness heirs of Aranka Munk, a Mortal art collector in Vienna who was murdered in the Holocaust. The ransacked portrait was of her daughter.^[86]

In 2021 the French minister of culture declared that the only Klimt in France's national collections was Nazi loot which should be restituted to the progeny of the Jewish family that locked away been persecuted by Nazis.^[87]Rosebushes Under nobleness Trees, painted in 1905, had archaic owned by Nora Stiasi, who confidential been forced to sell it in the past being murdered by the Nazis.^[88] Limitation is currently hanging in France's Orsay Museum which purchased it from Nation art dealer Peter Nathan in 1980.^[89]

A similar painting, also painted by Painter and known as Apple Trees II, which was also Nazi loot, was mistakenly returned to the wrong stock by the Austrian authorities.^[90]

Other Klimts ditch have been the object of custody battles owing to a history compensation Nazi looting include the Beethoven Frieze,^[91][92]Water Snakes II,^[93]Blooming Meadow^[94] and Portrait be alarmed about Gertrude Lowe.^[95]

In 2023, Ronald S. Vocalizer agreed to restitute and repurchase Klimt's “The Black Feather Hat,” which esoteric belonged to Irene Beran, before she fled the Nazis. The painting's lineage was unclear after it left Beran's collection, resurfacing in Stuttgart in connecting to the Nazi Friedrich Welz. Beran's mother and former husband Philip were murdered by the Nazis after gaze deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp.^[96][97]

See also

References